Great Britain ruled parts of the Caribbean twice as long in duration as she ruled much of Africa. 偉大的英國統治的部分加勒比地區的兩倍，只要在時間，因為她排除在非洲大部分地區。

When Kenya became a British colony, Britain had already been ruling Jamaica for more than two centuries.當肯尼亞成為英國殖民地，英國已經執政牙買加兩個多世紀。 Indeed, when Jomo Kenyatta was born in the 1890s Kenya was not yet a crown colony.事實上，當喬莫肯雅塔出生於19世紀90年代肯尼亞尚未直轄殖民地。 Yet, when he died in 1978 Kenya had ceased to be a British colony.然而，當他死於1978年，肯尼亞已不再是一個英國的殖民地。 Kenyatta had lived right through the country’s entire colonial period.肯雅塔生活的權利，通過國家的整個殖民時期的產物。 He survived British rule by 15 years, having ruled Kenya himself as its first post-colonial President.他存活在英國統治15年後，裁定，肯尼亞自己作為其第一個後殖民主席。

While British rule in Kenya was a matter of a single lifetime, British rule in Jamaica traversed the reigns of about 10 British monarchs.而在英國統治在肯尼亞的一個問題是一個單一的一生中，英國統治在牙買加走過時期約10英國君主。 By any measure, therefore, Jamaica and much of the British West Indies were more deeply Anglicised than Kenya was.以任何標準來衡量，因此，牙買加和大部分的英屬西印度群島人更深刻地anglicised比肯尼亞的。 But since independence is the Caribbean getting de-Anglicised?但自獨立以來，是加勒比地區獲得德- anglicised ？ If so, what are the causes?若有，是什麼原因呢？

A number of factors may have contributed to such a process of post-colonial de-Anglicisation.多項因素影響，可能促成這樣一個過程後殖民德- anglicisation 。 One is the surprising phenomenon of Britain’s cultural abdication.一個是不足為奇的現象，英國的文化退位。 This is in sharp contrast to the missionary zeal of the French in the realm of culture.這是形成鮮明對比的傳教熱情，法國在該領域的文化。 British commitment to cultural diplomacy is much weaker than that of France-both in Africa and the Caribbean.英國的承諾，文化外交是弱得多，比法國的，無論是在非洲和加勒比地區。

The United Kingdom spends the equivalent of only a fraction of the French budget for cultural diplomacy.聯合王國花費相當於只有一小部分，法國預算的文化外交。 The very success of the English language globally has reduced Britain’s need to promote the language in other lands.非常成功的英語語言在全球範圍已減少英國的需要，以促進語言在其他的土地上。 That there is an English-speaking power mightier than Britain (the United States) also helped to dwarf Britain’s cultural role in promoting Anglo-Saxon culture.有一個以英語為母語的權力mightier比英國（美國） ，也有助於矮英國的文化的推動作用盎格魯撒克遜文化。

The French language, on the other hand, is on the defensive against the devastating competition of Anglo-American cultural and linguistic expansionism.法國的語言，另一方面，是關於防禦對破壞性的競爭，英美文化和語言的擴張。 There is no French-speaking super power the equivalent of the United States.有沒有講法語的超級權力，相當於美國。 France tries to play the cultural roles of both Britain and the United States.法國試圖發揮文化的作用，英國和美國。

But the United States is itself another reason British influence in the Caribbean continues to decline.但美國本身的另一個原因，英國的影響，在加勒比地區繼續下降。 In the post-colonial era, the sheer proximity and size of the United States have been felt more directly than was possible under British imperial rule.在後殖民地時代，純粹的接近和大小，美國一直認為，更直接，較有可能在英國帝國統治。

American investment, American tourism, American television programmes, American goods and services, and even Caribbean membership of the Organisation of American States, have all played their part in tilting the balance towards Americanisation in the Caribbean experience.美國投資，美國旅遊，美國的電視節目，美國的商品和服務，甚至加勒比成員的美洲國家組織，都發揮了他們的一部分，在傾斜的平衡對americanisation在加勒比地區的經驗。

Then there is the phenomenon of American education as compared with the old colonial infatuation with the prestige of British education.然後是有現象，美國教育相比，與舊殖民地的痴迷與威信，英式教育。 There was a time when West Indians and Africans asked themselves whether being educated in the US was a more radicalising experience than being educated in Great Britain.曾經有一段時間，當西方的印度人和非洲人問自己是否受教育，在美國是一個較為radicalising經驗比受教育在英國。

In the first half of the 20th Century the evidence seemed to support that proposition.在第一次20世紀上半葉的證據似乎支持這一主張。 Kwame Nkrumah was mainly educated in the US; his rival in Ghana, Kofi Busia, was educated in Great Britain.誇梅恩克魯瑪，主要是教育，在美國;他的對手在加納的科菲布西亞，教育，在偉大的英國。 Nkrumah captured the torch of radical nationalism, while Busia moved to the right.恩克魯瑪抓獲的火炬，激進民族主義，而布西亞遷移到正確的。

In Nigeria, the younger Nnamdi Azikiwe (Zik) was the voice of nationalist militancy.在尼日利亞，年輕nnamdi azikiwe （ zik ）的聲音，民族主義的好戰。 He was American educated.他是美國的教育。 The leading British-educated Nigerians in the 1940s and even the 1950s were mainly to Zik’s right ideologically.領導英國教育的尼日利亞人在20世紀40年代乃至20世紀50年代，主要是zik的權利，在思想上。

If it was true that American education in the first half of the 20th Century was a more radicalising experience for Africans and West Indians than was British education, what were the reasons at that time?如果這是真的，美國的教育在上半年， 20世紀是一個較為radicalising的經驗，為非洲人和西印度人比的是英國教育，原因何在在那個時間呢？

One factor in the first half of the century was that the United States was not only a much more racist society than Great Britain but American racism at the time was still highly institutionalised.其中一個因素，在本世紀上半葉是，美國不僅是一個更為種族主義社會的偉大超過英國，但美國的種族主義在時間仍是高度制度化。 African and Caribbean students in the United States were therefore more subject to racial humiliation and harassment than their counterparts in the United Kingdom.非洲和加勒比地區的學生，在美國，因此更受到種族歧視的屈辱和騷擾，比他們的同行在聯合王國。 African and Caribbean students in American colleges were as a result more liable to get radicalised in response.非洲和加勒比地區的學生在美國大學被作為一個結果，更容易得到激進的回應。

Also contributing to this radicalisation was African and Caribbean intermingling with Black Americans and being exposed to a more intense pan-African experience.也有助於這個激進是非洲和加勒比交織與美國黑人和接觸到一個更激烈的泛非經驗。 Indeed, African students in the first half of the 20th C moved even further to the left.事實上，非洲學生在上半年的20 c動議，甚至進一步向左邊。

Middle class Caribbean Blacks could go either way when highly educated.中產階層加勒比黑人能去無論哪種方式時，高學歷。 They could move more decisively to the left (going even Marxist) or become more eloquent defenders of the capitalist status quo.他們可以提出更果斷地向左側（去，甚至馬克思主義） ，或變得更加雄辯地捍衛資本主義的現狀。 Less privileged Caribbean Blacks educated in the United States were more likely to go nationalist rather than socialist — often emphasising race rather than class, although their own origins were often rooted in class disadvantages.少特權加勒比黑人的教育，在美國更可能去的民族主義，而非社會主義-往往強調種族，而非階級，雖然他們自己的起源，往往植根於工人階級的弊端。

By the second half of the 20th Century some of the most eloquent voices of the socialist left in Commonwealth Caribbean were British educated.由第二二十世紀上半葉的一些最有說服力的聲音社會主義留在英聯邦加勒比被英國受過教育。 Even Eric Williams of Trinidad was initially a product of British leftism.甚至埃里克威廉斯特立尼達和多巴哥最初的產物，英國左。

George Padmore flirted with communism.喬治帕德莫爾flirted與共產主義。 And CLR James was both highly anglicised and highly leftist to the end of his days when he was nearly 90.和CLR詹姆斯都高度anglicised和高度左派到去年底，他的天，當他接近90 。

Today, more and more positions in journalism, the bureaucracy, politics and education are gradually occupied by the ‘Americanised’ West Indians.今天，越來越多的職位，在新聞，官僚主義，政治和教育正在逐步佔領的' americanised '西印度人。

The statistics are shifting in favour of the American educated.統計數字是轉移在贊成美國的教育。 But in reality they are only narrowing the gap between them and the more influential British-educated.但在現實中他們只是縮小兩者之間的差距和更有影響力的英國教育。 The de-Anglicisation of the Caribbean has not yet gone far enough to dethrone the Anglophiles in the Commonwealth Caribbean completely.該德- anglicisation的加勒比地區尚未遠遠不夠的擊垮了anglophiles在英聯邦加勒比完全。

Afterall, Michael Manley in power was more prominent than Edward Seaga was in office.畢竟，邁克爾曼利在權力更加突出的比何承天SEAGA的是在辦公室。 Manley symbolised Anglophilia; Seaga was a product of Pax-Americana.曼利象徵著anglophilia ; SEAGA的是一個產品的治下的和平-美洲。

For the products of the American experience it is still too early for them to celebrate the following: The stream of experience meanders on in the vast expanse of Caribbean time.為產品的美國的經驗，這是仍言之尚早為他們慶祝如下：流的經驗， meanders上，在廣闊的加勒比時間。 The new will come and the old be gone.新來的老了。 Let’s toast the fortunes of changing clime.讓我們舉杯的命運改變clime 。

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