By: Paul Harris in Williamson, West Virginia ： 夏博義在威廉姆森，西弗吉尼亞州

“Bigot” Democrats in rural strongholds refuse to give backing to Obama “比戈 ” 民主派在農村據點，拒絕給予支持奧巴馬

The conservative Appalachian heartlands voted overwhelmingly for Hillary Clinton - and will switch to McCain in November 保守的阿巴拉契亞市鎮以壓倒性票數為希拉里-將切換到麥凱恩在十一月

Johnny Telvor was not happy about Barack Obama becoming the Democratic presidential nominee.約翰尼telvor並不高興，巴拉克奧巴馬成為民主黨總統候選人。 Not happy at all.不樂意在所有。

Standing outside the sturdy courthouse in the sweltering heat of a West Virginia afternoon in the small town of Williamson, Telvor smoked a cigarette and bluntly gave his opinion of Obama’s historic mission to be America’s first black president.常委會以外的堅固法院在炎熱高溫的西維吉尼亞州下午在小城鎮的威廉森， telvor熏香煙和說穿了他的意見，奧巴馬的歷史使命，以美國的第一位黑人總統。

‘We’ll end up slaves. '我們將最終的奴隸。 We’ll be made slaves just like they was once slaves,’ he said. 我們將作出的奴隸，就像他們曾經是奴隸，他說。 Telvor, a white Democrat who supported Hillary Clinton in West Virginia’s primary, said he planned to vote for Republican John McCain in November. telvor ，白色的民主黨是誰支持希拉里克林頓在西弗吉尼亞州的小學，說，他計劃投票給共和黨的麥凱恩在十一月。 ‘At least he’s an American,’ he added with a disarmingly friendly smile. '至少，他的一名美國人， '他補充說：與disarmingly友好的微笑。

Such racist opinions are a rough antidote to the giddy optimism that has swept through much of America’s chattering classes over the past week.這種種族主義的意見是一個粗略的解毒劑給giddy樂觀地認為，已經席捲整個很多美國的抖振班，在過去的一周。 Since Obama beat Clinton and finally became the Democratic nominee liberal pundits from New York to San Francisco have eagerly discussed how Obama’s unique candidacy will put America’s racially charged past behind it.自奧巴馬擊敗克林頓和最後成為民主黨候選人，自由學者從紐約到舊金山有熱切討論了如何奧巴馬的獨特的候選資格將付諸表決，美國的種族被控在過去的背後。 The United States, they have argued, is finally prepared to elect a black president and absolve its historic sins of slavery and Jim Crow. But the uglier truth is that part of white America remains secretly - or sometimes openly - deeply distrustful of the idea of a black president.美國，他們辯稱，是最後準備選出一位黑人總統，並免除其歷史性的捷聯慣導系統的奴役和吉姆克勞， 但uglier事實的真相是，部分美國白人仍然是秘密-有時甚至公開-深深不信任的想法一黑人總統。

Nowhere is this more evident than in the vastness of the Appalachian mountains that run from Maine through West Virginia and all the way down to Georgia. Here Obama faces his greatest problem in convincing poor white citizens to vote for him. 無處這是更為明顯比在浩瀚的阿巴拉契亞山脈運行來自Maine通過西弗吉尼亞州和所有的方式下降到格魯吉亞。奧巴馬在這裡，他面臨的最大問題是在有說服力的窮人白色公民投票給他。 They certainly have not backed him so far.他們當然沒有備份，他至今。 In West Virginia Clinton trounced Obama by more than 30 points.在西弗吉尼亞州的克林頓trounced奧巴馬由30多個點。 It is a place of deep poverty and astonishing natural beauty - and it is overwhelmingly white.這是一個深的地方，貧窮和驚人的自然之美-這是壓倒一切的白色。 Outsiders deride it as ‘hillbilly’ country.外界嘲笑它作為' hillbilly '國家。 But it is also somewhere that has a special place in America’s heart.但它也是某處有一個特殊的地位，在美國的心。 Appalachia is where the TV series The Waltons was set.阿巴拉契亞這裡是電視系列waltons成立。 It is a place of deep family values, where clannish folk have created a vibrant mountain culture of God and guns.這是一個地方深的家庭價值觀， clannish民俗創造了一個充滿活力的山區文化上帝和槍支。 It is also a place not used to voting for a black politician. ‘McCain will win here,’ said Telvor.這也是一個地方，不是用來投票，為一個黑色的政治家。麥凱恩將贏得在這裡， '說telvor 。 ‘No doubt about it.’ '毫無疑問它。

Williamson is a typical slice of Appalachia.威廉森是一個典型的切片的阿巴拉契亞。 The town of 3,000 souls lies on the banks of the Tug Fork River, overshadowed by the mountains that surround it.鎮3000的靈魂在於對銀行的拖船叉河，蒙上陰影，由山脈包圍。 A railway runs through the centre of town, which has long been used to hard times as the coal industry faded away.一條鐵路貫穿的中心城市，長期以來一直被用來艱難的時刻，作為煤炭行業消失。

The town is in the heart of Mingo County in West Virginia.城市是在心臟明戈縣在西維吉尼亞州。 In last month’s Democratic primary, a staggering 88 per cent of people in Mingo County voted for Clinton - the highest number in the whole state - compared with just 8 per cent willing to put a cross by Obama’s name.在上個月的民主黨初選，驚人的88 ％的人在明戈縣贊成克林頓-的最高數目，在整個國家-相比，只有8％ ，願意把一個跨由奧巴馬的名字。 Those are landslide numbers that even some third world dictators would be embarrassed to record.這些都是滑坡號碼，甚至一些第三世界的獨裁者將尷尬紀錄。 And, as went Mingo, so went the entire state.而且，正如到明戈，所以到整個國家。 ‘This state is white, elderly and working class. '這種狀況是白人，老人和工作階層。 This is not natural Obama country.這是不自然的奧巴馬的國家。 People are not used to having black politicians on the ballot,’ said Professor Allan Hammock, a political scientist at West Virginia University.人不被用來有黑色的政客在選票上， '教授說，署長吊床，一個政治科學家在西維吉尼亞大學。

The sheer scale of Clinton’s win in West Virginia - repeated from Pennsylvania to Georgia - took many pundits by surprise.純粹的規模，克林頓的雙贏，在西弗吉尼亞州-重複從賓夕法尼亞州到格魯吉亞-花了很多專家感到意外。 But it did not shock people in Williamson, Jack Spence among them. The elderly retiree, enjoying the hot weather on a street bench, said he voted for Clinton and, now she has lost, he plans to sit out the November election. ‘I can’t vote for a Republican.但它沒有休克的人威廉姆森，傑克彭斯當中。 老人的退休人員，享受炎熱的天氣對一街法官說，他贊成克林頓和，現在她已經失去，他計劃參加了11月的選舉。 '我不能投票給共和黨。 My daddy would just roll over in his grave,’ he said.我的爸爸只想輥超過在他的墳墓，他說。 But nor can he bring himself to vote for Obama, though he insisted it was not because of race.但也不能他帶來自己的投票奧巴馬，但他堅持這是不是因為種族。 ‘That does not matter to me. '不要緊，給我。 Though it might to a lot of folks around here,’ he said.雖然它可能要了很多鄉親在這裡，他說。

Was there anything Obama could say during the coming campaign to convince him?是有什麼奧巴馬可以說在未來的運動，說服他呢？ ‘Nope,’ Spence replied. ' nope ， '朋回答。 Then he broached the one issue many Americans consider off-limits: the potential security threat to Obama.然後，他broached一個問題，許多美國人考慮場外的限制：潛在的安全威脅，以奧巴馬。 ‘Look, someone will kill him. '看，有人將他殺死。 Whoever Obama picks as running mate will end up being president.’ Spence’s ready smile and chatty manner on the thorny issue of Obama’s possible murder gave little clue as to whether he thought it would be a bad thing or not. 誰奧巴馬選作為競選搭檔最終會被總統。彭斯的準備以微笑和chatty的方式對這一棘手問題奧巴馬的可能謀殺了一點線索，至於他是否認為這會是一件壞事或沒有。

An Appalachian HillBilly — Clinging To God, Guns, and “MoonShine Liquor!” 1阿巴拉契亞hillbilly -死抱著上帝，槍，和“月光餐館酒” ！

Often such sentiments are dismissed as the ramblings of a few diehards, carrying with them the prejudices of a by-gone age.往往這種情緒被解僱作為ramblings了數頑固分子，開展與他們的偏見一所經歷的年齡。 After all, Iowa, a very white state, was the place Obama first won.畢竟，愛荷華州，一個很白的國家，地方，奧巴馬第一韓元。 But the fact is Obama’s Appalachian problem is very real.但事實是，奧巴馬的阿巴拉契亞的問題是非常真實的。

Williamson and West Virginia are far from alone in rejecting Obama.威廉姆森和西維吉尼亞州，遠遠從獨自在拒絕奧巴馬。 Take Pikeville, Kentucky.採取pikeville ，肯塔基州。 It welcomes visitors with a cheerful sign that boasts it is one of ‘the 100 best small towns in America’.它歡迎遊客與開朗的標誌，擁有這是一個' 100最好的小城鎮在美國' 。 But it is not friendly country for Obama.但這並不是友好國家為奧巴馬。 On Pikeville’s main street, just outside a now abandoned Obama campaign office, Stanley Little laughed when asked if he could support Obama.對pikeville的主要街道，只是外面，現在被遺棄的奧巴馬競選辦事處，赤柱很少笑，當問他是否可以支持奧巴馬。 ‘I will vote for McCain,’ he said. '我會投票給馬侃，他說。 Little, a maintenance man for local offices, had one simple reason why he too was rejecting his long family history of voting Democrat. ‘McCain is one of us.小，維修男子為當地辦事處，有一個簡單的原因，他也拒絕他的長期家族史投票民主黨。麥凱恩是我們的一員。 Obama ain’t,’ he said, leaving little doubt as to who he meant by ‘us’. 奧巴馬是不是，他說，離開毫無疑問，至於誰，他的意思是由'我們' 。

Pikeville’s rejection of Obama in Kentucky topped even Mingo County’s. pikeville的拒絕奧巴馬在肯塔基州，甚至超過明戈縣的。 Pike County, a huge stretch of forest and hills in the east of Kentucky, voted for Clinton by a thumping 91 per cent versus a mere 7 per cent for Obama.派克縣，一個巨大舒展的森林和山在東部地區的肯塔基州，投票給克林頓一個thumping 91 ％銀兩僅7 ％為奧巴馬。 Only nearby Magoffin County (where Clinton scored 93 per cent) is even less friendly to an Obama candidacy.只有附近的magoffin縣（如克林頓的成績93 ％ ） ，甚至是少友好的一奧巴馬參選。

It is not just an Appalachian issue.這不僅是一阿巴拉契亞的問題。 There are pockets of this sentiment across America from the working class white suburbs of Philadelphia to the rust belt towns of Ohio and Michigan. Many poor, white Americans are prepared to flock to McCain rather than face a black occupant of the White House. No public courtship between Obama and Clinton - carried out on the nation’s TV screens - is likely to change that.有口袋，這種情緒來自全美各地的勞動階層的白色郊區費城銹帶鎮，俄亥俄州和密歇根州， 許多窮人，白人準備湧入麥凱恩，而不是面對一個黑色乘員的白宮。沒有公開求愛之間的奧巴馬和克林頓總統-開展對全國的電視屏幕上-很可能改變這種狀況。 In Georgia a local bar owner has been selling T-shirts featuring Obama being endorsed by a cartoon monkey eating a banana.在格魯吉亞當地的酒吧業主已出售的T恤衫特色奧巴馬正在通過卡通猴子吃的香蕉。 The sale prompted outraged coverage in the local media but the T-shirts quickly sold out. In Vincennes, Indiana, an Obama campaign office was vandalised on the eve of the state’s primary, its windows smashed and its walls spray-painted with the words ‘Hamas votes BHO’ (for Barack Hussein Obama).出售提示憤怒，覆蓋在當地媒體，但T卹很快售罄。 在文森斯，印第安納，一奧巴馬競選辦事處被破壞前夕就國家的小學，其Windows搗破及其城牆噴霧手繪與換言之'哈馬斯票bho ' （巴拉克侯賽因奧巴馬） 。

The difficult truth is that Appalachia is unusual mostly because many people here are willing to openly talk about what some of their fellow citizens are secretly thinking.困難的事實是，阿巴拉契亞是不尋常的大多是因為很多人在這裡都願意公開談論什麼他們的一些同胞們是秘密的想法。 In exit polls of the recent primaries in Kentucky and West Virginia, one in five Democrats confessed to pollsters that race was a factor in their voting choice.在出口民調的初選，最近在肯塔基州和西維吉尼亞州，一個在五港同盟供認調查那場比賽的一個因素，他們的投票選擇。 ‘West Virginia and Kentucky were just more honest than other parts of the country. '西弗吉尼亞州和肯塔基州，只是較誠實，比其他部分的國家。 A lot of other people know it’s not socially acceptable to mention that sort of thing,’ said Professor Andra Gillespie, a political scientist at Emory University and expert on racial politics.很多其他人知道它的不為社會接受，更遑論諸如此類的事情， '教授說，安吉萊斯皮，一個政治科學家在埃默里大學和專家對種族政治。

Indeed much of America’s media has been resolutely focused on a ‘post-racial’ vision of America despite the clear evidence that race remains a huge divide in American life.事實上，很多美國的媒體一直堅決側重於後種族歧視'的設想，美國雖然明確的證據表明，種族仍然是一個巨大的鴻溝在美國的生活。 Obama’s own bi-racial background and his campaign’s language of inclusivity have conjured up a beguiling image of a race-free America.奧巴馬自己的雙種族的背景和他的競選的語言，包容有conjured了一個逗趣的形象，一個種族-免費美國。 It has built on other recent black political successes in America, such as Newark mayor Cory Booker and Massachusetts governor Deval Patrick, who have won on the back of black-white voting alliances.它是建立在最近舉行的其他黑人的政治成就，在美國，如紐華克市市長的Cory布克和馬薩諸塞州總督德瓦爾帕特里克，誰贏得了在背部，黑白投票聯盟。 There is truth to it too.有真理，給它太多。 Obama has run a remarkable campaign, winning many white states such as Kansas and Montana.奧巴馬已運行一個了不起的運動，贏得許多白人國家，如堪薩斯州和蒙大拿州。 He has attracted vast, racially diverse rallies, especially of young people who seem open to putting racial divides behind them.他已吸引了廣大，種族多樣化的集會，特別是年輕的人，似乎誰公開把種族劃分他們背後。 And indeed there is much hope that Obama can change things. Gillespie points out that recent studies have shown that white voters in US cities that have elected a black mayor for the first time prove far more willing to elect one for a second term.而事實上是有很大希望奧巴馬可以改變的事情。 吉萊斯皮指出，最近的研究表明，白色的選民在美國的城市有一個黑色的民選市長，為第一次證明，到目前為止，更願意選出一個為第二個任期。 ‘They realise the sky has not fallen in. That life went on,’ Gillespie joked. 他們明白，天空並沒有塌英寸生命的推移， '吉萊斯皮開玩笑。 If Obama does win the White House, that experience could be repeated on a national scale for all Americans. 如果奧巴馬是否贏得白宮，經驗，可以重複對一個國家的規模，為所有的美國人。 Few things could be more important in finally drawing the poison of racism out of American life. 幾件事，可更重要的在最後制定的毒害種族主義出於美國的生活。

But behind such optimism, another America looms. It is an America far from the headlines that have proclaimed Obama’s candidacy a revolution that will atone for a race-tinged history. 但這種樂觀的背後，另一個美國織機，這是一個美國迄今從標題已宣布奧巴馬的候選資格的一場革命，將贖罪，為種族色彩的歷史。 This is the America where outrageous rumours that Obama is a Muslim are readily believed.這是美國那裡離譜的謠言，奧巴馬是一個穆斯林很容易相信。 It is the America where Telvor is able to voice a sentiment that ‘ Obama might actually be the antichrist ‘ without apparent irony or fear of contradiction.這是美國那裡telvor是能夠聲音，一種情感' 奧巴馬實際上可能會成為antichrist '沒有明顯的諷刺或恐懼的矛盾。 It is a slice of America trapped in the dreadful history of race relations and the legacy of slavery and segregation.這是一個切片美國被困在可怕的歷史，種族關係和遺留的奴役和隔離。

On the streets of towns such as Pikeville and Williamson, and in the minds of people like Little and Telvor, that past lives on.在街上，小城鎮，如pikeville和威廉森，並在人的頭腦中的人一樣，很少和telvor ，即過去的生活。 It is kept in the present by poverty, joblessness and a fear of the different. It is also a powerful force that should not be underestimated.這是保持在目前的貧困，失業和恐懼的不同，這也是一個強大的力量不應被低估。 It could even decide who will be the next President.它甚至可能決定誰將會是下一任總統。 ‘McCain will beat Obama. '麥凱恩將擊敗奧巴馬。 There’sa lot of Democrats around here that will be switching side to vote for him,’ Little said.有很多民主派在這裡將開關的一面，再投票給他， '小說。 Behind him a white-washed message in the closed Obama Pikeville office read: ‘Vote Obama 08: change!’ In the brutal summer heat it seemed a forlorn hope.他身後的白色水洗的訊息，在封閉奧巴馬pikeville辦公室改為： ' 投票奧巴馬08 ：改變！ ' ，在殘酷的酷暑似乎一forlorn希望。 It was asking for the overthrow of generations of entrenched prejudice. But, come November, a black president might finally be pulling up a chair behind the desk in the Oval Office. 這是要求推翻幾代人根深蒂固的偏見，但來十一月，黑人總統，可能最後被拉起一張椅子背後的服務台在橢圓形辦公室。 If he does, that slogan of change might just end up being a prophecy. Even in Appalachia.如果他沒有，口號的變化可能只是最後一個預言， 即使在阿巴拉契亞。

Popularity: 13% [人氣： 13 ％ [ ? ？ ] ]

Prof. Ali Mazrui 教授阿里mazrui
Last week in this space I posed a challenge to the United States of America: Will it realise its potential of becoming humankind’s post-racial garden of Eden, completing the odyssey from Africa as the first Garden of Eden? 上週在這空間我提出了挑戰，美國：將它實現其潛力，成為人類的後花園種族的伊甸園，完成奧德賽來自非洲作為第一伊甸園？ Or will the country waste that opportunity through bigotry, prejudice, and conflict?或將國家的廢物，通過的機會，偏執，偏見，和衝突？

This week we raise the question: What are the migrations that initiated the linkage between the first Garden of Eden and the second Garden of Eden? 這個星期，我們提出這個問題：什麼是移民發起之間的聯繫，第一伊甸園和第二伊甸園？ The garden of birth was Africa; the garden of potential post-raciality is the United States.該園出生非洲;花園的潛在後raciality是美國。 Will the human race need the Edenisation of America towards the post-racial age?將人類的需要edenisation美國對後種族歧視的年齡？

The story of Adam and Eve occurs in three of the great world religions – Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Only two of the three Abrahamic religions have featured prominently in the belief systems of the African peoples – Christianity and Islam. 的故事，亞當和夏娃出現在三個偉大的世界宗教-猶太教，基督教和伊斯蘭教。只有兩個三個亞伯拉罕宗教突出，在信仰體系的非洲人民-基督教和伊斯蘭教。 Christianity and Islam have cast a shadow on the migrations of African peoples from the continent of the First Eden to the shores of the Second.基督教和伊斯蘭教蒙上了陰影就遷徙非洲人民從大陸的第一伊甸園向海岸第二。

Central to the transfer of the African peoples from Africa to America was of course the role of Europe. If Africa invented the human race, Europe perfected racism. Europeans then inaugurated the most extensive trade in slaves ever attempted in human history.中環至轉讓非洲人民從非洲到美國是當然的角色，歐洲， 如果非洲發明了人類，歐洲完善的種族主義。歐洲人，然後宣誓就職的最廣泛的貿易在奴隸以往任何時候都企圖在人類歷史上。 Both European racism and European slave trade helped to set the stage for creating a multi-racial ‘New World.’ The final Eden was slowly in the making.歐洲種族主義和歐洲的奴隸貿易，幫助搭建了舞台，為建立一個多種族'新的世界' ，最後伊甸園是緩慢，在決策。

It is common knowledge that one of the ways by which Europeans legitimised the slave trade was by portraying Africans as heathens and cannibals.這是共同知識的途徑之一，其中歐洲人legitimised奴隸貿易的描繪是由非洲人作為heathens和食。 What is not often realised is that African resistance to European enslavement was in turn partly inspired by African fears that those white-skinned people were the ones who were cannibals.什麼是不經常意識到的是，非洲的阻力，歐洲被奴役，從而部分靈感來自非洲的恐懼，那些白皮膚人，那些誰被食。

As a Dutch contemporary Willem Bosman summed it up, “Sometimes we deal with slaves from deep in the interior, who convince each other that the reason why we buy and transport them is to fatten them and sell them again for an appetising meal.”作為荷蘭當代威廉博斯曼歸納起來， “有時候，我們處理的奴隸，從深在內政，誰說服對方的原因，我們購買和運輸，他們是為了他們的育肥和出售他們再次一appetising餐” 。

What was happening was the forceful transfer of citizens of the world’s first Garden of Eden (Africa) to the shores of what may well turn out to be the world’s final Garden of Eden- the USA. 正在發生什麼，是有力的轉移世界公民的第一伊甸園（非洲） ，以海岸什麼樣的可能，以及轉出將成為世界上最後的伊甸園-美國。 That part of the population of the United States that was of African descent was historically destined to play decisive roles in the evolution of the second Eden towards its historic destiny. 這部分人口的美國，這是非洲人後裔的歷史注定要發揮決定性作用，在演變的第二個伊甸園實現其歷史命運。

The anti-slavery spirit of resistance among Africans was inspired by many factors, including love for freedom and a determination to remain on the soil of their ancestors.反奴役的精神阻力之間的非洲人的啟發因素有很多，包括愛自由，並決心繼續留在土壤中他們的祖先。 But a perception of the white man as a cannibal, as the ultimate serpent who might eat up the African, aggravated African anxieties.但一種觀念的白人男子為食，為最終蛇，誰可能是吃了非洲，加劇了非洲的憂慮。

In 1752 one European captain in the harbour of Paramaribo, Suriname, was worried about whether his enslaved Africans on his ship Prins Willem V would jump overboard because “they feared they would be eaten” on arrival at their destination.在1752年1歐洲隊隊長在海港內的帕拉馬里博，蘇里南，擔心是否他的被奴役的非洲人，他就船上的Prins威廉v會跳轉過分，因為“他們擔心他們會吃”就到達目的地。

And an 18th century European handbook for slave traders urged the slavers to “assure the slaves, after they have been purchased, that they should not be afraid- that white people were not cannibals…” In our terms, the serpent was historically deadly, but was not a man-eater in the literal sense.和一個18世紀的歐洲手冊奴隸交易敦促slavers ，以“保證奴隸後，他們已購買的，他們不應該害怕，即白的人不食… … ”在我們的條款，蛇，是歷史上致命的，但是不是一個人吃，在字面上。

Back in Africa, indigenous rulers differed in their attitude to the slave trade.早在非洲，土著統治者的不同，他們的態度向奴隸貿易。 John Thornton reminds us that Queen Nzinga Nbande of Matamba in Angola tried to mobilise and coordinate opposition to the Portuguese slave traders in the 1630s and 1640s.約翰桑頓提醒我們，皇后nzinga nbande的馬坦巴在安哥拉的嘗試，以動員和協調反對以葡萄牙語奴隸交易，在1630s和1640年代。 But the Portuguese fought back and unfortunately got African allies in opposition to Queen Nzinga.但葡萄牙和回擊，可惜了非洲的盟友，反對女王nzinga 。

In the 18th century, Tomba, the leader of the Baga on the Guinean Coast, also tried to stop the slave trade but was opposed by resident Europeans, Mulattoes and African collaborators. 在十八世紀， tomba ，領導人對巴噶對幾內亞海岸，也試圖阻止奴隸貿易，但反對由駐地歐洲人， mulattoes和非洲的合作者。

Agaji Trudo was one of the greatest kings of Dahomey. agaji trudo是一個最大的國王達荷美。 He was hostile to the slave trade, and invaded coastal Aja kingdoms partly in a bid to stop the trade.他是敵對的奴隸貿易的，和入侵沿海司法機構助理政務長王國部分，在企圖阻止貿易。 His successes were short lived. Racist Europe persevered.他的成功是短期的生活。 種族主義歐洲堅持。

Our essay here poses the issue of whether there is a secular historical and collective version of the biblical story of Genesis.我們的徵文在這裡構成的問題，是否有一個世俗的歷史和集體版本的聖經故事的成因。 Should we look at Africa as the first Garden of Eden – the original habitat of the human species, fallible, mortal and therefore profoundly human?我們應該看看非洲作為第一伊甸園-原生境的人類物種，會犯錯誤，致命的，因此，深刻人類？ Should we look at the United States as potentially the second Eden, the future vanguard of a post-racial world?我們應該看看美國作為潛在的第二個伊甸園，未來的先鋒隊，後種族歧視的世界呢？

In 1978 William Julius Wilson alerted us about The Declining Relevance of Race.在1978年威廉朱利衛奕信提醒我們約下降的相關性軍備競賽。 Prof Wilson might have been prophetic rather than descriptive.教授衛奕信可能已經預言，而不是說明性的文字。

America as the second Garden of Eden must first get its racial house in order. Between now and the end of the 21st century, America has to learn how to cope with race and ethnicity, with an increasingly aging population, and with the gender gaps of privilege in its population. 美國作為第二個伊甸園，必須先取得其種族眾議院在秩序。現在到年底之間的二十一世紀，美國要了解如何應付種族和民族，與一個日益老化的人口，並與性別差距的特權，在其人口。

America must learn how to accommodate its impatient youth, how to re-define its moral values, and how to become the final burying ground of sectarian hatreds and racial strife on the world scene.美國必須學會如何容納它的不耐煩，青年，如何重新界定其道德價值觀，以及如何成為最後埋在地面的宗派仇恨和種族紛爭在世界舞台上。

Here is the Tale of Two Edens – Africa where the human species began, and America where the human species stands a chance of attaining its optimum post-racial fulfillment, guided by African Americans as sons and daughters of the first Eden. 這裡是故事二edens -非洲而人類物種的開始，美國如果人類物種的立場的機會，實現其優化後的種族圓滿，遵循非裔美國人，作為中華兒女的第一伊甸園。

That Africa was the first Garden of Eden is a fact of history and paleontology.非洲是第一伊甸園是一個事實，歷史和古生物學。 There was light in the Dark Continent before there was light anywhere else.有鑑於在黑暗的大陸之前，有鑑於其他地方。 That America is the second Garden of Eden is still a matter of hope and aspiration.美國是第二伊甸園仍然是一個問題，希望和願望。 Let there be divine light on America too.讓有神聖的光照對美國太。

Thus is it written: There was made the first man, the African living soul. 因此，它是寫：有取得第一名男子，非洲活的靈魂。

Then, the last ideal, the American life-giving post-racial spirit.然後，最後的理想，美國賦予生命後種族的精神。

Millennia after Adam there arose an Obama.幾千年後，亞當有出現一奧巴馬。 It is now conceivable, nay credible, that our great grandchildren, of all ethnicities and all faiths, of all colours and all national origins, may witness such a miracle of a post-racial dawn before the end of this century.現在是可以想像的，在NaY可信的，我們偉大的孫子，所有種族和所有信仰，所有的顏色和所有國家的起源，可能的證人，如一個奇蹟，一個職位種族黎明之前，到本世紀末。

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By: Archbishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu ：大主教德斯蒙德圖圖mpilo

Nobel Peace Prize winner and human rights advocate — Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Mpilo Tutu 諾貝爾和平獎得主和人權倡導者 -名譽大主教德斯蒙德圖圖m pilo

When we were struggling in South Africa against the vicious racist policies of apartheid, it was exhilarating to proclaim to our people that our God was encountered first not in the peaceful quiet of a sanctuary.當我們掙扎在南非的反對惡性種族主義種族隔離政策，這是令人振奮的宣布我們的人民，我們的上帝所遇到的第一而不是在和平安靜的一個庇護所。 No, our God was out there in the rough and tumble of the politics of the day.沒有，我們的上帝是有在粗糙和翻滾的政治一天。 Our God revealed Himself in the utterly vulgar world of setting a fractious rabble of slaves free.我們的上帝透露，自己在完全庸俗的世界設定fractious烏合之眾奴隸的自由。 Our God was/is the great liberator God of the Exodus – the paradigmatic event that helped to define God as the God who is never unbiased, but is always biased in favor of the oppressed, the marginalized, the down and outs.我們的上帝是/是偉大的解放者上帝的出埃及記-範式事件，協助確定上帝上帝誰是從來不帶偏見，但始終是偏頗的，在有利於被壓迫，被邊緣化，向下和奏。

This God in Jesus Christ continued to demonstrate this bias – Jesus companied not with the high and mighty, Archbishops, Presidents, and such like, but with the scum of society, prostitutes, sinners, the despised. 這上帝在耶穌基督繼續證明這一點偏見 -耶穌c ompanied不與高威武，大主教，總統，等，但隨著社會的敗類，妓女，罪人，鄙視的。 This was the God who had an extraordinary identification with the little people – inasmuch as you have done this(clothed the naked,fed the hungry,etc.) staggeringly you have done it as to God.這是上帝誰了不平凡的鑑定與小的人-因為你所做的這個（穿了赤身露體，美聯儲飢餓等） ，得驚人你做了它作為向上帝。 Wow.哇。 Our God did not give good advice from a safe distance.我們的上帝沒有給從善如流，從一個安全的距離。 No, our God entered the fiery furnace to be there as Immanuel, God with us in our anguish and agony.沒有，我們的上帝進入火熱爐必須有作為伊曼紐爾，上帝與我們在我們的痛苦和煩惱。 Our God was not deaf, but heard our cries, was not blind but saw our suffering and would as of old come down to deliver us from our bondage too, so that we would enjoy the glorious liberty of the children of God.我們的上帝是不聾，但聽到我們的呼聲，並不是盲目的，但看到我們的痛苦，並會作為老來提供我們從我們的枷鎖，也使我們享有的自由，光榮的子女神。

Jeremiah Wright has said really no more than this which falls squarely in the ambit of black theology, black religion to answer the anguished questions of black people suffering under the brutality of white racism.耶利米賴特說，真的沒有比這更多的屬於正視在範圍黑色神學，黑色宗教回答的問題，痛苦的黑色人民的痛苦下的殘酷白色種族主義。 It ultimately seeks reconciliation, but you cannot be reconciled with one who has his boot on your neck to keep you in the gutter.它最終的目的是和解，但你不能調和與誰一有他的啟動對您的頸部，讓您在連棟。 To be reconciled you must stand up right to look the other in the eye.要調和，你必須站起來的權利，看在其他的眼睛。

Black theology and religion seek the liberation of all, oppressor and oppressed, black and white together – as we accomplished it in South Africa for freedom is indivisible. Whites won’t be truly free until blacks are free. Listen to Condeleeza Rice in the Washington Times.黑色神學和宗教尋求解放所有，壓迫者和被壓迫者，黑人和白人在一起-正如我們完成了它在南非的自由是不可分割的。白人將不會真正的自由，直到黑人都是免費的。聽取c ondeleeza賴斯在華盛頓的倍。 Obama is a person of courageous integrity.奧巴馬是一個人的勇敢的完整性。 He could have ingratiated himself to white Americans by repudiating his pastor completely.他本來可以獻媚自己的白人所批判他的牧師完全。 He did nothing of the sort.他沒有做任何的排序。 That speaks volumes for the man.這說話量，該名男子。 America will not find peace with itself until you really deal with your history.美國不會尋求和平與本身，直到你真的處理你的歷史。 You need something like a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to help you come to terms with your past.你需要的東西就像一個真相與和解委員會，以幫助您來計算，與您的過去。

Another Jeremiah, the prophet of old shocked his compatriots when Jerusalem was being besieged by the Chaldeans.另一耶利米，先知舊震驚，他的同胞時，耶路撒冷被圍困的由chaldeans 。 He urged his compatriots to desert and join the enemy.他呼籲他的同胞，以沙漠和加入的敵人。 What price patriotism.什麼樣的代價愛國主義。

About The Author: Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Mpilo Tutu was awarded the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to the cause of racial justice in South Africa. 關於作者： 名譽大主教德斯蒙德圖圖mpilo被授予1984年諾貝爾和平獎，為他的事業所作的貢獻種族正義在南非舉行。 He他 served as the first black African archbishop of Cape Town from 1986 to 1996.作為第一位黑�